A conductivity (electromagnetic) survey measures a soil's ability to conduct an electric current. Target response is a single, sharply defined peak, facilitating quick and accurate location. A single 200 litre (55 gal.) drum can be detected at depths greater than 3 metres. Modification for increased power, to increase both the sensitivity to smaller targets and depth of exploration is available.
Data from multiple time gates - three or four, user selectable - are recorded to provide a more complete measurement of the response decay rate for improved target characterisation (and discrimination). Early time gates improve the detection of smaller, as well as deeper targets; a mid-range time gate, at the same position as the original EM-61, offers comparison with, and continuation of original EM-61 data sets. Conductivity has a range of applications including archaeological, environmental and engineering.